What mechanism allows ABAP objects to implement polymorphism?

Polymorphism in ABAP, as in other object-oriented programming languages, allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class, enabling the same operation to be performed on different classes. Method overriding is a key mechanism that facilitates this concept.

When a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass, it overrides that method. This means that when the method is called on an instance of the subclass, the subclass's version of the method is executed, even if the reference to the object is of the superclass type. This behavior allows for dynamic method resolution at runtime, which is central to the polymorphic behavior of objects in ABAP.

In contrast, while method overloading involves defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameter types or numbers, it does not contribute to polymorphism in the same way that method overriding does. Dynamic typing refers to the flexibility of type definitions, but it doesn’t directly enable polymorphism. Class inheritance provides the structural basis for polymorphism but does not itself implement it. Thus, method overriding stands out as the correct answer regarding how polymorphism is realized in ABAP.