When addressing an object using an interface reference, which elements can be accessed?

Using an interface reference to address an object allows access to the elements defined in that interface. This means that all elements (such as methods and properties) declared in the interface can be accessed. An interface acts as a contract, specifying methods that must be implemented in any class that adopts that interface.

While the class implementing the interface may contain additional elements—such as private or protected elements, or methods not defined in the interface—these are not accessible through the interface reference. Therefore, focusing solely on the interface itself, all of the elements within it are accessible and enforceable to any implementing class. This encapsulation ensures that the code adheres to the structure outlined in the interface without exposing unnecessary elements from the implementing class.

In this context, accessing elements defined in the interface promotes a more modular, flexible design approach, allowing various classes to be treated uniformly, as long as they adhere to the same interface.